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PUBLIKASI ILMIAH DOSEN JURUSAN MANAJEMEN PERTANIAN LAHAK KERING

KESESUAIAN RUMPUT RAJA (Panicum maximum) DAN ALANG-ALANG (Imperata cylindrica) SEBAGAI INANG ALTERNATIF BAGI PENGGEREK JAGUNG ASIA (Ostrinia furnacalis)

Yos F. da-Lopez, Prof. Dr. Ir. Y. Andi Trisyono, M.Sc.,2012

 ABSTRAK. Informasi tentang perilaku serangga pada tananam inang alternatif penting dalam strategi manajemen resistensi serangga. Untuk itu, penelitian di rumah kaca dan laboratorium dilakukan untuk mengetahui preferensi oviposisi O. furnacalis pada rumput raja, alang-alang, dan jagung serta pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya pada rumput raja sebagai inang alternatif yang disukai untuk oviposisi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa umumnya jagung paling disukai oleh O. furnacalis untuk oviposisi dibandingkan pada tanaman inang alternatifnya dengan urutan: jagung > rumput raja > alang-alang. Ketika tidak ada tanaman jagung (21 HST), rumput raja (21 HST) maupun alang-alang (21 HST) memberikan respon positif terhadap oviposisi: rumput raja (proporsi = 0,731; OPI = 46,17) > alang-alang (proprosi = 0,60; OPI = 19,94). Ketika ada tanaman jagung (21 HST), rumput raja (21 HST) dan alang-alang (21 HST) memberikan respon negatif terhadap oviposisi dibandingkan dengan jagung namun respon ini relatif terhadap umur tanaman. Pada umur 35 HST, rumput raja memberikan respon positif bagi O. furnacalis untuk oviposisi (proporsi = 0,692; OPI = 37,57) dibandingkan pada jagung (proporsi = 0,301; OPI = -38,780) dan alang-alang (proporsi = 0,174; OPI = -65,183). Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa pada kondisi tertentu tanaman inang alternatif tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan oleh O. furnacalis untuk bertahan hidup. Rumput raja mampu mendukung pertumbuhan dan perkembangan larva O. furnacalis hingga dewasa. Meskipun ada penghambatan berat larva (± 19%) dan penurunan berat pupa (± 29%) dibandingkan dengan pada jagung, keberhasilan hidup larva pada rumput raja relatif sama dengan pada jagung dan pakan buatan yaitu di atas 80%. Stadium larva (7-14 hari) dan stadium pupa (5-7 hari) O. furnacalis yang makan pada batang rumput raja relatif sama dengan yang makan pada batang jagung dan pakan buatan. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat sinkronisasi antara kemunculan dewasa pada rumput raja dan kemunculan dewasa pada jagung sehingga kemungkinan perkawinan antara dewasa dari tanaman jagung dan rumput raja dapat terjadi. Seks ratio dewasa yang terbentuk memberikan perbandingan yang relatif normal antara jantan dan betina (1:1 pada jagung dan pakan buatan; mendekati 1:2 pada rumput raja). Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi data awal untuk penelitian selanjutnya tentang potensi rumput raja sebagai refugia bagi O. furnacalis dalam strategi manajemen resistensi.

Information about insect behavior on their expected host plants is essential in insect resistance management. Hence, a greenhouse and laboratory studies to determine oviposition preferences of Ostrinia furnacalis on king grass, cogon grass, and corn; and its growth and development on king grass as the preferred host plant for oviposition, were conducted. The results showed that corn was more preferred by O. furnacalis for oviposition than two others host plants as following: corn > king grass > cogon grass. When there was no corn plants (21 DAP), king grass (21 DAP) and cogon grass (21 DAP) provided a positive response to oviposition: king grass (proportion = 0.731; OPI = 46.17) > cogon grass (proportion = 0.60; OPI = 19.94). When corn (21 DAP) was existed, king grass (21 DAP) and cogon grass (21 DAP) performed negative responses to oviposition than that on corn, but these responses were relative to the age of those host plants. At the age of 35 HST, king grass presented a positive response to O. furnacalis for oviposition (proportion = 0.692; OPI = 37.57) than that on corn (proportion = 0.301; OPI = -38.780) and cogon grass (proportion = 0174; OPI = -65.183). This indicated that king grass can be utilized by O. furnacalis to survive. King grass enabled to support growth and development of larval O. furnacalis. Although there were inhibition of larval weight (± 19%) and reduction of pupal weight (± 29%), larval survival was relatively similar to that on king grass and artificial diet (> above 80%). Larval stage (7-14 days) and pupal stage (5-7 days) on king grass were relatively similar to those on corn and artificial diet. These results indicated that synchronization between adult emergence in king grass and corn is met. Therefore, mating between adults in corn and grass king may occur. Sex ratio of adult (males : females) was relatively normal (1:1 in corn and artificial diet; closed to 1:2 in king grass). These findings can be used as the initial foundation for further research on the potential of king grass as a refuge for O. furnacalis in developing insect resistance management strategy when Bacillus thuringiensis corn is introduced.Kata Kunci : Ostrinia furnacalis, preferensi oviposisi, pertumbuhan dan perkembangan.

Kata Kunci : Ostrinia furnacalis, preferensi oviposisi, pertumbuhan dan perkembangan.

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Pola sebaran kelompok telur Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) pada lahan jagung

Yosefus F. da-Lopez, Y. Andi Trisyono,  Witjaksono Witjaksono,  Subiadi

Abstract. Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée, is known as an important pest of maize, Zea mays L., in both whorl and reproductive stages. Management decisions based on egg-mass density is useful because decision is made before damage occurs. Observation on O. furnacalis egg-mass distribution in maize-field was carried out in Agricultural Training, Research, and Development Station (ATRD) UGM, Yogyakarta. The number of egg-masses laid on each plant surface in maize-field was sampled in reproductive stage of corn at 52 – 58 days after planting. The spatial dispersion was analyzed using the ratio variance-to-mean (σ2/μ = Iδ), Morista’s Index (Iγ), and the negative binomial parameter (κ-value). The results showed that horizontal and vertical distributions were aggregated distributions (σ2 > μ or σ2/μ > 1). In line with the increasing age of plant, the degree of clustering or aggregation likely tended to decline (the κ-value increased, Morisita index decreased) indicating the possible departure from aggregation to randomness (Poison distribution) due to the heterogeneity of the environment, such as microclimate, preferred parts of the plants, and occurrence of natural enemies. The results concluded that the horizontal and vertical distributions of egg-masses of O. furnacalis on corn in generative phase were clustered with the degree of clustering tended to decrease by the increase of age of corn. These findings provide the bases for further study on the ecology and biology of O. furnacalis for management decision-making process.

Keywords: Ostrinia furnacalis, egg-mass distribution, dispersion index

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